Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis Uveitis and RetinitisDefinition: Fungal systemic infection caused by inhalation of airborne spores from Coccidioides immitis.Etiology: Coccidioidomycosis is a fungus found in the...
View ArticlePersistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV)
Definition: PHPV is a congenital condition with persistent hyaloid vasculature and mesenchymal tissue from the embryonic primary vitreous in a microphthalmic eye. It is often seen in combination with...
View ArticleBand Keratopathy
Calcific Band KeratopathyDefinition: Dystrophic calcification of Bowman’s layer or superficial anterior cornea that forms a distinctive calcified band across the central cornea.Incidence/Prevalence:...
View ArticleCavernous Atrophy of the Optic Nerve
Cavernous Optic Atrophy of SchnabelDefinition: degeneration of the optic nerve characterized by cystic spaces in the anterior portion.Incidence/ Prevalence: The prevalence is 2.1% in an autopsy series....
View ArticleHerpes Simplex Virus Stromal Keratitis
Definition: Herpes simplex virus keratitis is a viral infection of the cornea caused by Herpes simplex. It is characterized in early stages by a linear arborizing pattern of opacification and swelling...
View ArticleSalzmann’s Nodular Degeneration of the Cornea
Definition: This clinical entity was described in 1925 by Maximilian Salzmann in the German literature as usually following trachoma or phlyctenular keratitis. It is characterized by multiple...
View ArticleBlood Staining of the Cornea
Definition: Corneal blood staining is defined as deposition of hemoglobin and its breakdown products in the cornea.Incidence/Prevalence: Corneal blood staining occurs in the setting of traumatic...
View ArticleFungal Keratitis
Definition: Infection of the cornea caused by fungus.Incidence/Prevalence: The incidence is less than 5% of corneal infections in the U.S. The most common organisms include Aspergillus, Candida, and...
View ArticleCongenital Syphilitic Stromal Keratitis
Definition: Syphilitic stromal keratitis is a form of chronic stromal keratitis with vascularization. The term interstitial keratitis was coined in the 1800’s by Hutchinson for congenital syphilis and...
View ArticleCongenital Rubella Cataract
Rubella CataractDefinition: The rubella induced cataract is a congenital cataract that follows German measles infection (rubella) in the mother. Exposure usually occurs in the first or second trimester...
View ArticlePosterior Subcapsular Cataract
Definition: An opacity in the lens positioned just anterior to the posterior lens capsule and characterized by the posterior migration of lens epithelial cells from the lens bow.Incidence/Prevalence:...
View ArticleAnterior Subcapsular Cataract
Definition: An opacity in the lens positioned just posterior to the anterior lens capsule and is characterized by the proliferation of anterior lens epithelial cells.Incidence/Prevalence: Anterior...
View ArticleNuclear Sclerosis Cataract
Definition: An opacity in the nucleus of the lens, for which the key histologic criterion is melding or homogenization of lens fiber cells.Incidence/Prevalence: It is the most common form of cataract...
View ArticleCortical Cataract
Definition: An opacity in the cortex of the lens, for which the key histologic criterion is the presence of globular degeneration.Incidence/Prevalence: It is a common form of cataract and usually...
View ArticleMarfan's Syndrome- Lens Displacement
Definition: Marfan's syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue with ocular, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular manifestations.Incidence/Prevalence: the most common cause of lens dislocation from a...
View ArticlePosterior Lenticonus
Definition: Posterior lenticonus is a developmental anomaly of the lens in which the posterior portion of the lens bulges outward in a cone-shape.Incidence/Prevalence: Posterior lenticonus is much more...
View ArticleMittendorf's dot
Definition: Mittendorf’s dot, also called the hyaloid body, is the embryologic remnant of the hyaloid artery as it joins the tunica vasculosa lentis.Incidence/Prevalence: Mittendorf’s dot is present in...
View ArticleLens-Induced Granulomatous Endophthalmitis
Definition: Lens-induced granulomatous endophthalmitis is also known as phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, phacoantigentic and phacoallergic endophthalmitis. A granulomatous reaction to lens fibers...
View ArticleExfoliation Syndrome
Exfoliation Syndrome (pseudoexfoliation)text contributionsby Vicki Chan, M.D.Definition: Exfoliation syndrome is characterized by the pathologic deposition of grey white flakey and fibrillary...
View ArticlePigment Dispersion Syndrome
Definition: Pigment dispersion syndrome is characterized by the deposition of iris pigment on the cornea endothelial surface, trabecular meshwork, anterior iris, lens capsule and lens zonule sometimes...
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