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Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis Uveitis and RetinitisDefinition: Fungal systemic infection caused by inhalation of airborne spores from Coccidioides immitis.Etiology: Coccidioidomycosis is a fungus found in the...

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Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV)

Definition: PHPV is a congenital condition with persistent hyaloid vasculature and mesenchymal tissue from the embryonic primary vitreous in a microphthalmic eye. It is often seen in combination with...

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Band Keratopathy

Calcific Band KeratopathyDefinition: Dystrophic calcification of Bowman’s layer or superficial anterior cornea that forms a distinctive calcified band across the central cornea.Incidence/Prevalence:...

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Cavernous Atrophy of the Optic Nerve

Cavernous Optic Atrophy of SchnabelDefinition: degeneration of the optic nerve characterized by cystic spaces in the anterior portion.Incidence/ Prevalence: The prevalence is 2.1% in an autopsy series....

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Herpes Simplex Virus Stromal Keratitis

Definition: Herpes simplex virus keratitis is a viral infection of the cornea caused by Herpes simplex. It is characterized in early stages by a linear arborizing pattern of opacification and swelling...

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Salzmann’s Nodular Degeneration of the Cornea

Definition: This clinical entity was described in 1925 by Maximilian Salzmann in the German literature as usually following trachoma or phlyctenular keratitis. It is characterized by multiple...

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Blood Staining of the Cornea

Definition: Corneal blood staining is defined as deposition of hemoglobin and its breakdown products in the cornea.Incidence/Prevalence: Corneal blood staining occurs in the setting of traumatic...

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Fungal Keratitis

Definition: Infection of the cornea caused by fungus.Incidence/Prevalence: The incidence is less than 5% of corneal infections in the U.S. The most common organisms include Aspergillus, Candida, and...

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Congenital Syphilitic Stromal Keratitis

Definition: Syphilitic stromal keratitis is a form of chronic stromal keratitis with vascularization. The term interstitial keratitis was coined in the 1800’s by Hutchinson for congenital syphilis and...

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Congenital Rubella Cataract

Rubella CataractDefinition: The rubella induced cataract is a congenital cataract that follows German measles infection (rubella) in the mother. Exposure usually occurs in the first or second trimester...

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Posterior Subcapsular Cataract

Definition: An opacity in the lens positioned just anterior to the posterior lens capsule and characterized by the posterior migration of lens epithelial cells from the lens bow.Incidence/Prevalence:...

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Anterior Subcapsular Cataract

Definition: An opacity in the lens positioned just posterior to the anterior lens capsule and is characterized by the proliferation of anterior lens epithelial cells.Incidence/Prevalence: Anterior...

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Nuclear Sclerosis Cataract

Definition: An opacity in the nucleus of the lens, for which the key histologic criterion is melding or homogenization of lens fiber cells.Incidence/Prevalence: It is the most common form of cataract...

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Cortical Cataract

Definition: An opacity in the cortex of the lens, for which the key histologic criterion is the presence of globular degeneration.Incidence/Prevalence: It is a common form of cataract and usually...

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Marfan's Syndrome- Lens Displacement

Definition: Marfan's syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue with ocular, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular manifestations.Incidence/Prevalence: the most common cause of lens dislocation from a...

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Posterior Lenticonus

Definition: Posterior lenticonus is a developmental anomaly of the lens in which the posterior portion of the lens bulges outward in a cone-shape.Incidence/Prevalence: Posterior lenticonus is much more...

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Mittendorf's dot

Definition: Mittendorf’s dot, also called the hyaloid body, is the embryologic remnant of the hyaloid artery as it joins the tunica vasculosa lentis.Incidence/Prevalence: Mittendorf’s dot is present in...

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Lens-Induced Granulomatous Endophthalmitis

Definition: Lens-induced granulomatous endophthalmitis is also known as phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, phacoantigentic and phacoallergic endophthalmitis. A granulomatous reaction to lens fibers...

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Exfoliation Syndrome

Exfoliation Syndrome (pseudoexfoliation)text contributionsby Vicki Chan, M.D.Definition: Exfoliation syndrome is characterized by the pathologic deposition of grey white flakey and fibrillary...

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Pigment Dispersion Syndrome

Definition: Pigment dispersion syndrome is characterized by the deposition of iris pigment on the cornea endothelial surface, trabecular meshwork, anterior iris, lens capsule and lens zonule sometimes...

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